miércoles, mayo 31, 2006

Discurso ante la tumba de Marx de F. ENGELS

Discurso pronunciado por F. Engels en el cementerio de Highgate, el 17 de marzo de 1883. Karl Marx había muerto 3 días antes, el 14 de Marzo de 1883.




El 14 de marzo, a las tres menos cuarto de la tarde , dejó de pensar el más grande pensador de nuestros días. Apenas le dejamos dos minutos solo, y cuando volvimos, le encontramos dormido suavemente en su sillón, pero para siempre.

Es de todo punto imposible calcular lo que el proletariado militante de Europa y América y la ciencia histórica han perdido con este hombre. Harto pronto se dejará sentir el vacío que ha abierto la muerte de esta figura gigantesca.

Así como Darwin descubrió la ley del desarrollo de la naturaleza orgánica, Marx descubrió la ley del desarrollo de la historia humana: el hecho, tan sencillo, pero oculto bajo la maleza ideológica, de que el hombre necesita, en primer lugar, comer, beber, tener un techo y vestirse antes de poder hacer política, ciencia, arte, religión, etc.; que, por tanto, la producción de los medios de vida inmediatos, materiales, y por consiguiente, la correspondiente fase económica de desarrollo de un pueblo o una época es la base a partir de la cual se han desarrollado las instituciones políticas, las concepciones jurídicas, las ideas artísticas e incluso las ideas religiosas de los hombres y con arreglo a la cual deben, por tanto, explicarse, y no al revés, como hasta entonces se había venido haciendo. Pero no es esto sólo. Marx descubrió también la ley específica que mueve el actual modo de producción capitalista y la sociedad burguesa creada por él . El descubrimiento de la plusvalía iluminó de pronto estos problemas, mientras que todas las investigaciones anteriores, tanto las de los economistas burgueses como las de los críticos socialistas, habían vagado en las tinieblas.

Dos descubrimientos como éstos debían bastar para una vida. Quien tenga la suerte de hacer tan sólo un descubrimiento así, ya puede considerarse feliz. Pero no hubo un sólo campo que Marx no sometiese a investigación -y éstos campos fueron muchos, y no se limitó a tocar de pasada ni uno sólo- incluyendo las matemáticas, en la que no hiciese descubrimientos originales. Tal era el hombre de ciencia. Pero esto no era, ni con mucho, la mitad del hombre. Para Marx, la ciencia era una fuerza histórica motriz, una fuerza revolucionaria. Por puro que fuese el gozo que pudiera depararle un nuevo descubrimiento hecho en cualquier ciencia teórica y cuya aplicación práctica tal vez no podía preverse en modo alguno, era muy otro el goce que experimentaba cuando se trataba de un descubrimiento que ejercía inmediatamente una influencia revolucionaria en la industria y en el desarrollo histórico en general. Por eso seguía al detalle la marcha de los descubrimientos realizados en el campo de la electricidad, hasta los de Marcel Deprez en los últimos tiempos.

Pues Marx era, ante todo, un revolucionario. Cooperar, de este o del otro modo, al derrocamiento de la sociedad capitalista y de las instituciones políticas creadas por ella, contribuir a la emancipación del proletariado moderno, a quién él había infundido por primera vez la conciencia de su propia situación y de sus necesidades, la conciencia de las condiciones de su emancipación: tal era la verdadera misión de su vida. La lucha era su elemento. Y luchó con una pasión, una tenacidad y un éxito como pocos. Primera Gaceta del Rin, 1842; Vorwärts
* de París, 1844; Gaceta Alemana de Bruselas, 1847; Nueva Gaceta del Rin, 1848-1849; New York Tribune, 1852 a 1861, a todo lo cual hay que añadir un montón de folletos de lucha, y el trabajo en las organizaciones de París, Bruselas y Londres, hasta que, por último, nació como remate de todo, la gran Asociación Internacional de Trabajadores, que era, en verdad, una obra de la que su autor podía estar orgulloso, aunque no hubiera creado ninguna otra cosa.

Por eso, Marx era el hombre más odiado y más calumniado de su tiempo. Los gobiernos, lo mismo los absolutistas que los republicanos, le expulsaban. Los burgueses, lo mismo los conservadores que los ultra-demócratas, competían a lanzar difamaciones contra él. Marx apartaba todo esto a un lado como si fueran telas de araña, no hacía caso de ello; sólo contestaba cuando la necesidad imperiosa lo exigía. Y ha muerto venerado, querido, llorado por millones de obreros de la causa revolucionaria, como él, diseminados por toda Europa y América, desde la minas de Siberia hasta California. Y puedo atreverme a decir que si pudo tener muchos adversarios, apenas tuvo un solo enemigo personal. Su nombre vivirá a través de los siglos, y con él su obra.


F. Engels

26 comentarios:

León Saenz dijo...

Que bueno!!!!
Popdés creer que este fue uno de los primeros textos que leí en mi acercamiento al marxismo?
que loco no?

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Cani dijo...

Texto muy bueno. Raro para arrancar de cero a leer sobre Marx, porque no explica nada, solo nombra los logros del marxismo.

Una cita interesante: "Para Marx, la ciencia era una fuerza histórica motriz, una fuerza revolucionaria." Para aquellos que creen que la ciencia solo le puede servir a la burguesía, y son conservadores, y hablan de la vuelta al modo de vida original. Una manga de giles -del primero al último.

La ciencia está siendo usada por la burguesía, pero será usada por los oprimidos.

Ariel

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